Difference between DDR and DDR2 :

1. What is the difference between DDR and DDR2?
On the physical side, DDR has a 184-pin DIMM interface and DDR2 has 240.
DDR2 runs cooler and has generally slower timings but is a lot faster than DDR in the end. DDR2 is capable of holding more ram on one DIMM.

2.) Does DDR2 do more work per cycle? And Does AMD Support DDR2 Ram?
AMD doesn't support DDR2 as the A64's built-in RAM controllers would have to be upgraded therefore making them incompatible with all the current motherboards out there which really wouldn't be worth AMD and the board manufacturers' time.
The differences:
• DDr1=184pin DIMM and DDR2=240pin DIMM.
• DDR2 has much higher bandwidth and chip density/# of chips per DIMM, allowing more ram to be effectively used (also the reason why it's best to go for 1-2gb of DDR2) at a higher speed, but at the expense of latency.
• On the other hand, DDR1 runs at lower speeds but much tighter timings




It is difficult to differentiate a DDR2 from a DDR motherboard just by looking at it. Inserting a DDR2 DIMM into a DDR motherboard could damage the module, the motherboard, or both. To prevent such damage, the simplest process is to align the memory module and the socket, and visually check that the module “key” aligns perfectly with the socket key. You may have to turn over the memory module as the memory module direction may misalign even compatible socket and module keys.

3. What latencies will standard DDR2 DIMMs support?
JEDEC DDR2 specifications define standard DDR2 CAS Latencies of 3, 4, and 5:
– 400 MHz DDR2: CAS 3 (3-3-3)
– 533 MHz DDR2: CAS 4 (4-4-4)
– 667 MHz DDR2: CAS 5 (5-5-5)
4.: What latencies do Kingston HyperX DDR2 modules support?
HyperX memory modules support enhanced CAS Latencies:
– 533 MHz PC4300 DDR2: CAS 3 (3-3-3)
– 675 MHz PC5400 DDR2: CAS 4 (4-4-4)

Tips to increase the life of hard-disk

Tips to increase the life of hard-disk
Dilemma of hard disk crash can be known only by the person whose hard disk is crashed. Though people who are lucky can minimize the risk of hard disk crash by using following tips:
Many reasons behind hard disk crashes are:
Physical damage, Fluctuation of voltage, Improper alignment and viruses.
# Physical damage can be minimized by being careful while installing and uninstalling hard disk or can be added extra physical value by using hard disk case.
# Voltage fluctuation is one of the major reason behind loss of data and hard disk crash. high voltage and low voltage both are bad for your hard disk and computer. this can be taken care by using a good Voltage stabilizers.
# Regular defregmentation speed up your hard disk . It is advisable to defregmenting your hard disk once every month.
# Viruses and worm are destructive by nature and born. Though recovering from virus disaster is not easy as not only your hard disk is crashed but even restoring or recovering data won’t help as most of data is infected by virus. As said by a great man ” Precaution is better then cure” so I suggest using a good anti virus will take care of this issue too. I recommend using any one of these Top 10 antiviruses.

Do kindly share your idea of optimizng your hard disk for the better perfomance?

ATM NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

ATM NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
This tutorial provides the basic introduction to atm network technology, packet switching, cell base, telecommmunication technology, high speed bandwidth usage in this technology. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a high speed network technology that has become the standardized solution for the telecommunication industry, teleconferencing, videoconferencing, telemedicine, HDTV, distance learning and where high speed data transfer is required.
ATM technology integrates voice, data and video at the same time. ATM uses fixed size packets called cells of 55 bytes in length. ATM network is a high speed circuit switched network that is capable of transferring one million signals using ATM protocol. ATM is a connection oriented technology in which logical connections are established for the data communication. ATM is implemented in the WAN and telecommunication sectors. Small data cells are used for communication and ATM is designed for high speed and high traffic networks. ATM cells allow voice, data and video transfer at the same time. ATM operates on the data link layer of the OSI model and it uses UTP/STP, fiber optic or air as a communication medium.
ATM CELL BASE
It is a small unit of 55 bytes fixed length and it contains the users and signaling information in it. It has a header with very limited functionality to reduce the internal buffer and to provide the high speed transfer. ATM cell identify the cells that belongs to the same virtual channels and perform easy routing.

ATM SWITCHING
Various switching technologies have been developed in the past to provide the high speed data transfer and secure communication. ATM switching technology provides high speed data transfer due to the connection oriented technology. ATM switching technology uses the predefined routing table so guarantees the fast data communication.
ATM DEVICES
ATM basically uses two types of devices such as ATM switch and end systems. The function of the switch is to handle the transmission of the cells throughout the network. Switches accept the incoming cells from the ATM end station or another ATM switch. On the other hand, ATM end systems contain the ATM adaptors.
ATM CONNECTIONS
ATM supports two types of connections point to point and point to multi point connections. In the point to point connections, two end systems are connected bi directionally or uni directionally. The point to multi point system connects one source to the number of destinations in uni directional. The source sends the information and switch replicates it to the destinations. Unidirectional network connects two switches. A typical ATM network consists of a set of the switches interconnected by point to point links. Switch support two types of interfaces user network and network node interface. Asynchronous transfer mode technology is designed for the reliability, performance, utilization and QOS and it creates fixed channels and routes when data travels between two points. There are four types of the choice when purchasing a connection.
Constant Bit Rate: It specifies fixed size rate and data is transferred in a steady form. Variable bit rate.
Variable Bit Rate: It provides specified throughput and it is best for videoconferencing.
Available bit rate. It provides guaranteed minimum capacity but high rate is also possible when the network is free.
Unspecified bit rate. It does not provide any fixed throughput level and it is best for the file transfer where delay can occurred.
ATM ADVANTAGES
It provides fixed bandwidth and simple routing is possible due to the connection oriented technology. High bandwidth utilization can be possible so it is the best solution for the telecommunication sector, videoconferencing and QOS. There are some of the disadvantages of this technology such as high cost, cell loss due to the high congestion in the network.
 

ASUS Motherboard Price List India

ASUS Motherboard Price List India
ASUS Intel chipset Motherboards
• Asus Mini ITX Motherboard (AT3N7A-I):Rs.10870
• Asus Mini ITX Motherboard (ITX-220):Rs.4345
• Asus P5E3 Premium Motherboard:Rs.28830
• Asus P5G41-M 8GB DDR2:Rs.4030
• Asus P5G41-M-LE 8GB DDR2:Rs.3920
• Asus P5GC-MR Motherboard:Rs.7095
• Asus P5K-WS Motherboard:Rs.12125
• Asus P5KPL-AM IN Motherboard:Rs.2460
• Asus P5KPL-AM/PS 4GB DDR2:Rs.2745
• ASUS P5N-D LGA 775 8GB:Rs.8980
• ASUS P5N-T Deluxe LGA 775 8GB:Rs.16360
• Asus P5N64-WS-Professional Motherboard:Rs.33175
• ASUS P5N72-T Premium LGA 775 8GB:Rs.19450
• Asus P5N7A-VM 16GB DDR2:Rs.8810
• ASUS P5NT WS LGA 775 8GB:Rs.13730
• Asus P5P43T-D 16GB DDR3:Rs.6580
• Asus P5P43TD-PRO 16GB DDR3:Rs.7320
• Asus P5Q:Rs.9495Asus P5Q PRO:Rs.10295
• • Asus P5Q-E:Rs.12010
• • Asus P5Q-EM-DO 16GB DDR2:Rs.9610
• • Asus P5Q-VM Motherboard:Rs.6405
• • Asus P5Q-WS Motherboard:Rs.12125
• • Asus P5Q3-DLX WIFI Motherboard:Rs.16875
• • Asus P5QC Motherboard:Rs.11155
• • Asus P5QL-CM Motherboard:Rs.4460
• • Asus P5QL-EM Motherboard:Rs.5375
• • Asus P5QPL-AM Motherboard:Rs.3290
• • Asus P6T Deluxe V2 Motherboard:Rs.22880
• • Asus P7P55-D 16GB DDR3:Rs.11155
• • Asus P7P55D-DLX 16GB DDR3:Rs.17160
• • Asus P7P55D-EVO 16GB DDR3:Rs.15160
• • Asus P7P55D-PRO 16GB DDR3:Rs.13655
• • Asus Rampage II Extreme Intel X58 LGA 1366 :Rs.27455
• • Asus Rampage II GENE :Rs.17845
• • Asus Striker II Extreme :Rs.22880
• • Asus P5QPL-AM Motherboard:Rs.3290
• • Asus P6T Deluxe V2 Motherboard:Rs.22880
• • Asus P7P55-D 16GB DDR3:Rs.11155
• • Asus P7P55D-DLX 16GB DDR3:Rs.17160
• • Asus P7P55D-EVO 16GB DDR3:Rs.15160
• • Asus P7P55D-PRO 16GB DDR3:Rs.13655
• • Asus Rampage II Extreme Intel X58 LGA 1366 Motherboard:Rs.27455
• • Asus Rampage II GENE Motherboard:Rs.17845
• • Asus Striker II Extreme Motherboard:Rs.22880
• Asus Crosshair II Formula Motherboard:Rs.11440
• Asus M2A74-AM 8GB:Rs.3090
• Asus M2N68-AMPLUS Motherboard:Rs.2545
• Asus M3A78-EH Motherboard:Rs.6290
• Asus M3N-HT Deluxe/Mempipe Motherboard:Rs.16245
• Asus M3N78-EM 8GB DDR2:Rs.4805
• ASUS M4A78 PRO AM2+/AM2 16GB:Rs.6580
• ASUS M4A78-E AM2+/AM3 16GB:Rs.8925
• ASUS M4A78T-E AM3 16GB:Rs.9665
• ASUS M4A79 Deluxe AM2+/AM2 16GB:Rs.13730
• ASUS M4A79T Deluxe AM3 DDR3 16GB:Rs.14415
• ASUS M4N72-E AM2+/AM2 16GB:Rs.8695
• Asus M4N72-E SLI Motherboard:Rs.8695
• ASUS M4N78 Pro AM3/AM2+16GB:Rs.6980
• Asus Motherboard M3N-HD/HDMI:Rs.5950
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